cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria
Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. The second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the study of the diseases of industrialized societies. Respecting autonomous decision making among Filipinos: a re-emphasis in genetic counseling. Many become sick from the filth on the sharp equipment [Male, Study Community # 4]. The focus groups included questions about the meaning of illnesses and health, as well as perceptions about the causes of illnesses and health (see Additional file 1 for the complete focus group guide). Ottawa 1986: The Fulcrum of Global Health Development. Health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: Implications for Health Equity and Community-Based Genetic Research. The health extension workers may be best positioned to identify strategies for integration which may lead to improved health outcomes for the local community and provide guidance regarding how best to use the limited primary health care resources [30]. If you dont tell the truth, you and your family will fall ill. More than half (n=53) reported that they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic. Germs cause disease. Multifactorial causation of disease theory was proposed by Pettenkofer. power point presentation, Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, University of Amsterdam and University College London, Herbal Antimicrobials to Counter AMR.pptx. Disease etiologies in non-western medical systems. Health is primarily that state in which these constituent substances are in the correct proportion to each other, both in strength and quantity, and are well mixed. Due to restrictions set by the Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science Institutional Review Board, data are available upon request by contacting the corresponding author. Syracuse: Foreign and comparative studies, Syracuse University; 1980. p. 17. These discoveries and a host of others at the turn of the century marked a turning point in our aetiological concepts. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. In addition, all participants who participated in the focus groups and interviews gave informed consent either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) after they were provided information about the nature of the study, and assurances that specific comments would not be attributed to specific participants. All authors read and affirmed the final version of the manuscript. Seven common Filipino cultural beliefs are presented in this paper namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. According to Fracastoro, germs spread through populations, making many people sick . 1990;28:6372. Reading: Gordon and Breach Science; 1992. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. This paper therefore is aimed at examining the causes and consequences of rapid erosion of cultural values in nigeria. He attended St. Xaviers College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, to complete his Master of Science in Microbiology. The sample was diverse in terms of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the setting. Lidell C, Barrett L, Bydawell M. Indigenous representations of illness and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Epub 2016 Sep 11. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. A guy will be healthy person [if] he keep agrees with his neighbors and doesnt argue, one that doesnt hold grudges, one that lives with others in peace. Epub 2022 Jan 7. A. 1). So if he is able to work well and come back home without any stress, he becomes healthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. Ethiop J Health Dev. TWIO. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. He has published more than 15 research articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers. The study employed a qualitative ethnographic method informed by Murdocks Theory of Illness. However, the germ theory of disease has many limitations. doi:10.1177/1049732310362400. First Statement of Germ Theory. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. This leads to situations where the practical implementation of primary health care is inhibited because it does not take into account the indigenous communities world view. Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. 2016 Nov;46:121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.09.001. There are 23 Kebeles (the smallest local administrative unit) administered by the Woreda, including 19 rural, 2 urban and 2 semi-urban towns. The majority of participants had community health insurance (n=76), which was being implemented in the community the year in which data collection occurred. Yehya NA, Dutta MJ. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits seems to have been prevalent where by sicknesses, epidemic or contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged spirits. Alice Barrett is in hospital with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and cannot feed herself. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. Dime (1995:30-31) argues that the diagnosis of diseases in an African traditional healing system is a twofold event. 93 0 obj <>stream A valuable and interesting world survey of aboriginal theories of disease causation has been made by Clements.1 The types and distributions of ithe theories which he pre-sents embrace well the main methods of interpreting disease in simpler societies; yet the basic analysis of disease causation concepts which he employs needs a little further TG and HB served as supervisors of all data collection, analysis and review of the original paper. Bareilly, UP, India. Poverty in general was identified as leading to poor health: If a person has a low income, then he would be weak. In other words, the spirits supposedly reside in some human beings and rituals and/or prayers need to be performed to withdraw the evil spirits impacting ordinary people through these human agents. Disease in Africa has been the subject of a large number of rich studies. Google Scholar. Infections were also identified as a common cause of illnesses: The use of non-sterilized sharp things for removing a childs milk teeth and female circumcision is consequential. Second, it offered a new biological specificity for the class of diseases that had been the most significant historically. The first authors (MHK) native status offered both opportunities and limitations for the study [19]. If we see someone leave home at the wrong time, we say he is going to bring affliction [Male, Study Community # 4]. 36 0 obj <> endobj Disease is an objectively measurable pathological condition of the body. It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. Cultural Competence in the Care of Muslim Patients and Their Families. %PDF-1.6 % BEINGS Model of disease causation includes Spiritual factors , Social factors & Nutritional factors. 2007;2:942. Theories of Disease causation commun.). Tehuledere Woreda Information and Communication Office; Annual Report Bulletin, Haiq, Ethiopia; 2014. The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. Issues identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs. Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, other animals, and other living hosts. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept. This article's focus on disease causation derives from the emphasis on the political, economic, and cultural context of illness that characterizes Africanist scholarship in this field. Epub 2021 Nov 26. Pasteur, Henle, Koch were the strong proponents of microbial theory after they discovered the micro-organisms in the patients secretions or excretions. However, others acknowledge that indigenous medicine should be embraced as an important part of health care systems in indigenous communities [35]. Diagnosing diseases in African traditional religion. Google Scholar. Disease is an important entity in healthcare. Terms and Conditions, Our analysis of the relationships of supernatural, natural and social elements to ill-health causation may provide useful input for the drafting and implementation of primary health care strategies at both local and global levels. . The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. PubMed Central Nurse Educ Today. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the perceptions of causes of ill health and disease in the study communities as a guide to how best to implement public health initiatives in the region. After teaching microbiology for more than four years, he joined the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, to pursue his Ph.D. in collaboration with Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. The health extension workers also helped to select 96 participants for 10 focus group discussions and 20 individuals (two from each focus groups) were selected purposively for follow-up individual interviews based on their demonstrated knowledge and ability to describe their experiences in the focus groups. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. Over one-third of the population in developing countries lacks access to biomedical health care services, often relying on traditional medicine and/or self-care [1]. The womens focus group discussion was meant to allow women to freely and informally discuss their perceptions of illness causation, without any socio-cultural inhibitions, (for example religious prohibitions) which might have inhibited the women from speaking on specific topics if men had been included in the group. In my village, we revere big trees, mountains, caves, springs and even unusually shaped stones. Peterson DR. The accessibility and geographic distribution of the five Tehuledere sub-districts (ketena) around the urban center provided the primary basis for selecting the study communities. International Classification of Disease: Revision 9th Clinical Modification. 5th, Millennium edition U.S Department of Health and Human Services; 2000. When we drink it, we contract worms, they twirl in the stomach and give our kids tik, tik [Stomach- ache, salivate and followed by vomiting,] [Male, Study Community # 5]. Full Text: PDF. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. Krapf L. Travels, researches and missionary labour during an eighteen years residence in Eastern Africa. Gordis, L. (2014). Named for the village of Nok, site of some of the finds, the ancient culture produced fine terra-cotta figurines, which were accidentally discovered by tin miners on the Jos Plateau in the 1930s. Almost all the focus group participants emphasized the importance of God/Allah in their day-to-day lives without whom they said it is impossible to secure health. Germ theory was first clearly stated by an Italian physician named Girolamo Fracastoro in the mid-1500s. Theory of web of causation was given by Mc Mohan and Pugh. They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. Erickson fills this gap by clearly explaining the basic organizing principles that underlie all medical systems, the full range of theories of disease causation, the geographical distribution of medical practices, and the historical trends that led to biomedical dominance. Google Scholar. A historical overview of traditional medicine practices and policy in Ethiopia. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. You can read the details below. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. He was able to use existing networks and contacts within the indigenous institutions, including traditional leaders and local health officials, thereby gaining access to a very wide cross-section of people. He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. 2015 Apr;24(2):213-24. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9823-y. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada, You can also search for this author in Anthropological approaches to the study of ethnomedicine. 67 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9CBDF83AEDA7B54FAC1C495BB4C505DE><9CCE578C2D590642B3842131A939A278>]/Index[36 58]/Info 35 0 R/Length 139/Prev 453987/Root 37 0 R/Size 94/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Several theories were advanced from time to time to explain disease causation such as the supernatural theory of disease, the theory of humors by Greeks and Indians, the theory of contagion, the miasmatic theory which attributed disease to noxious air and vapours, the theory of spontaneous generation, etc. Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. 2022 Apr;13(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2. 2015;12:140421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140421. FOIA The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Cultural theories of crime provide distinct frameworks to understand the influence of human agency, social forces, and peers on behavior. In testing our hypothesis on whether cultural beliefs of infant mortality among working mothers in Nigeria would vary by age, education, and income, we used a hierarchical linear regression analysis to better understand the independent effects of each variable. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Three views of disease causation may be identified from the literature. The child becomes stunted due to his inability to have a linear growth. In-Depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo computer. 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Were organized using NVivo 10 computer software erosion of cultural values in nigeria system is a twofold event S.