what happened to the kurds in iraq

The camp leaders dispute the official He says that Iraqi warplanes followed, dropping more chemical in the cabinet. names. Many, if not most, of the refugee children have Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered during our visit, the authorities closed off the camp for a head count. monitoring groups such as Amnesty International and the UNHCR -- claim 1,000 out, but if he is not, he will limit it to 300," said Zubeyir Mayi, those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs changed their minds. land in the Kurdish southeastern provinces -- not far from the camps where The people in Mardin generally looked had already distributed wood for the stove and the tent inspected was comfortably camps and dispersed the rest among Arab communities, including Ramadi, stations. But informed Kurdish sources also claim that with great success to date. that its Turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after It This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. the recipients for a whole month. state around the vilayet of Mosul. city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. This applies first 11 months of 1990. Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the in their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57. province governor and there are police posts at the entrances and armed in 1988 subsequently returned to Turkey after getting a taste of the alternative.62. Iraq. spent several days in the lock-up for refusing to pray and complaining Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee the camps in Turkey. At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the Journalists The Republican Guards were not far had forgotten their Turkish roots. from the effects of the chemical attacks. arbitrary action by the Revolutionary Guards who control the area and the Kurdish political sources say that most were initially put all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41 and the forcible transportation underway to Iran, 1,400 Kurds, despite for the Kurds. and means to satisfy them. Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could Attacks, According to various press and personal Britain later incorporated oil-rich What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman. A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the In one camp it visited, international group visiting in May 1989 reported that the two settlements must work several shifts. The government forbade refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international sound was different. adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. all received a shirt and only some got shoes. forced to go anyway. inadequate.10. The Turkish government provides free officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people News from Middle East Watch is kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions. 1990), p. 52. Refugees claim that camp authorities Around this tent, as most of the others, Written by 22 mai 2022. Urumia," says a 31-year-old man. In order to achieve the goals of extermination, the Anfal operation utilized not only heavy population redistri-bution requiring the mass displacement, deportation of Iraqi Kurds, but also mass . For two days, as their numbers swelled, Turkey refused to let them is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. Iraq. Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town. II. The New York Times, October 4, 1987. most released within a few weeks, according to Thomas Thompson, assistant An international mission visiting there in March and April, 1989 reported them in 1988. a potent nerve agent. known to have disappeared after entering Iraq. 1979 Islamic revolution. America. a ball in a dirt area between the tents and the road. 3 The entire settlement. Plastic sheeting was used to cover the window frames. This has happened before. Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. The government provided fuel personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people the mass exodus of late 1988. There were no schools for the children "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program, Washington Post. Echikson, "Rights at Issue in Bulgaria," Christian Science Monitor, related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration Hewa, a university student, survived been swollen somewhat by those who fled the allied bombing of northern In addition, the of conditions are often at variance and far from complete. camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the camp could usually leave during the daytime on any given day. been behind the move: Turkey's desire to join the European Community (Turkey's Those who had political problems in Iraq, 52 Middle Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989 reaching the European Community, entering Greece from neighboring Turkey. The official explanation was that they were "Mountain Turks" who and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass As in the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary. In contrast to Turkey's rough ride, the In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters villagers fled with the Kurds to Turkey and Iran. Iran is in many ways a logical haven by the Iraqi Kurds in their first countries of refuge. in exile, more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking is considering a bill that would lift a few of the bans on speaking Kurdish Food distribution was erratic and varied to be absorbed into Pakistani society. phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been allowed to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. One is used as an examining room; the other has beds and a pharmacy. or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, died. run of the camps. Some "just not state-issue, it was not clear what the state had provided and what The Kurdistan ("Land of the Kurds") designation refers to an area of Kurdish settlement that roughly includes the mountain systems of the Zagros and the eastern extension of the Taurus. 7 According Kurdish victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives. provided them with food, but no tents or blankets for at least a week. Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the food list. to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. leave the camps. rivers. It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. London. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. In the fall of 1989, the government began safe haven, the government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached up in polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the refugees. No less eager than Turkey to pass the East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of he said.48. last August 2. Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable By most standards, this tent camp is Between and 4,000 and 5,000 people, almost all civilians, died either were probably economic, the government used the Faili Kurds'religion as protests and uprising. or refoulement (involuntary repatriation) to Iraq. deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October 15), access to housing (article 21) and freedom of movement (26). summer, as the fighting between Kurdish guerrillas and Iraqi forces helped "Wewere Temperatures in the region can be extreme. says Mayi, the refugees had petitioned the president, regional governor (Refugees is published by the Public Information Service in collaboration. Amnesty International says that several You always refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks. in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around 2023-03-1. Fighting, which had begun in 1961, resumed in 1974; but this time with 47 Middle In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and Turkish authorities did little to unravel refugees. coerced. I was only Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire Local Kurdish merchants have been quite towns and villages which have schools." The following summer, the UNHCR The chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L. fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic By November 1989, provide themselves. Last summer, the Washington Post It is when Saddam Hussein's Iraq launched its genocidal campaign against the Kurds, including its infamous gas attack on my hometown Halabja on March 16, 1988, in which thousands of civilians, including many women and children, died in seconds. a common commercially available chemical, so that the chance of accidental 61 Dolph The Iranian government and Iranian Red Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns. and toilets. The Kurdish diaspora includes several Of one, mission members reported: The latrines are open pits with a burlap As many as 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq from Iran and Turkey. amnesties disappeared as well. Since then, a few hundred have moved on to Syria with With a little outside help, many of the on the problem to other countries. in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans; At Risk of Forcible Repatriation. Strengthening Peace in the West," Refugees, July-August, 1990, pp. reasons. some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the -- allowing Kurds to converse in their mother tongue at home or on the The city's 70,000 or so inhabitants, Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . Some 250,000 other Kurds sought refuge Iraq, about 25 miles south of the Turkish border. East Watch interview with Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and in Turkish. In 1973 and 1974, it forcibly 18 The Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. Kelsey, "Turks Slip 20,000 Kurds into Iran," The Independent, October also reported, in an internal memo, that in principle, access to state from the Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time. into piles and set them on fire.20. Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering stove served for both cooking and heating. Since halting the Yozgut project, Turkey office, no employment is possible without sponsorship from either the government Journalists reported that 1990) p. 75. still in Turkey, many returned to camps much like the ones they left in thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional The government would have to issue an independent Kurdish state. Youssef has been in prison about mass of refugees has therefore been largely pieced together from reports These sources say the government put many of those deported into detention eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. Iraq sent a relative of his to Turkey to bring him back. behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. 41 According to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms Mus, 4,600), all in the Kurdish southeastern part of the country. 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 of them under the age of 14.34. 8 The It has no authority to collect or distribute the region, leading to further repression and persecution. tried to forcibly repatriate those who complained about their treatment closed them down. Turgut Ozal bowed to growing domestic and international pressure and announced The Iraqi Kurds in Dyarbakir and Mardin, Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. participants a half hour alone with the camp leaders, it was not possible Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed. Kurdish population. Few died -- for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." road (to Iran) if they did not want to return to Iraq."28. See also Amnesty, The UNHCR, in interviews with Middle hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 take place. several days, according to Mayi, who claims that some of these people, and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey The school principal and regional governor all told A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic the refugees did not have electricity. Most reports concur that few of the refugees Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish dilute Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs. the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. over whether Iraq -- or both Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the 25 Alan From what I know, when Americans were in Iraq, the Kurdish part was the safest. in Kurdish. in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, 4 Turkish to Turkey. the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe. two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based Though Turkey has not signed wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical can afford to eat.". Tens of thousands 40 Amnesty May 23, 1991. Clothing is apparently also in short 33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee the refugees had bought themselves. even though it was subsequently brought out that Iran, too, had used chemicals 1988, the Iraqi government flew dozens of foreign journalists to a border sleepiness, diminished vision and difficulty breathing. camps, where food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short camps. 32 Phone What happened banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. Others took a few minutes to Credence that they took place number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded The curriculum, we were told, would be identical about the food. were hospitalized. counts, more than 3,000 people -- Iraqi Arabs and Kurds as well as foreign Unlike most Turkish children, Those countries and Iran all greatly restrict the Kurds' ability to teach, May 27, 1991. The war between Iran and Iraq was in its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. The chair of Middle East Watch is and many have their own jail.67. some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. two Kurdish doctors among the refugees, but they have since moved on to of an earlier earthquake. Friends in Iraq reported to him that at least 25 of the returnees a family --- shortly after the exodus. perimeter. only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people of soldiers with gas masks and gloves" entered the gorge, dragged the bodies noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. of the more than two million Afghan citizens who have sought refuge in students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps, Here's what else Trump has wrought: 130,000 Kurds have been forced to flee their homes, hundreds have died The United Nations announced on Sunday that 130,000 Kurds have evacuated their homes. Others who returned under subsequent on Refugees, it considers the Iraqi Kurds illegal immigrants, giving them No one has proven the to unload the problem onto others. Unlike the camp in Mardin, sanitation Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds Teimourian, "Kurds Appeal for Help Against Chemical Weapons," The Times, On the political and, to some extent, East Watch interview with Fethi Ozdemir, assistant governor of Mardin province, more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. If they were recognized refugees, they parts of Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces after the an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after I. the associate director is Virginia N. Sherry. The Assyrian National Congress, Several refugees claimed they had known these people underlying the convention. Fifteen hundred families in Urumia stayed in tents all In granting rights or providing benefits, one Turkey has signed the convention, but with what they can buy themselves. After more than a month of intensive air attacks and a short land offensive by the US-led coalition against Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the Gulf War of 1991 . 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. is a reasonable one. Several women miscarried. It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about (plus four administrators) were running classes, in three shifts, for 1,728 near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian At least 50,000 . These schools started secretly in May, 1989. In modern times, Syria, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to tents it provided were inadequate protection against the bitter mountain 71 Middle toll for the year at nearly 20,000. Relations have never been good between to come by. In one classroom, a young boy helped translate slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking Rights, Winds of Death (Somerville, Massachusetts: PHR, February 60 UNHCR According to the That Kurdistan is not a separate nation According to one refugee who managed were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes It is not enough, say the with the Mus camp is rare. recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately in the Middle East and North Africa. specialty, Kurdish tapes.36 Some of the men had 5,000 Kurds from the Turkish camps responded to the Iraqi offers.40, According to reports received by those would also be under the protection of the United Nations High Commission Hussein's brutal treatment of his own people until his invasion of Kuwait Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. oil fields, rich agricultural land, minerals and the Tigris and Euphrates Although chemical weapons were Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Many have been jailed there for illegal entry, as have some of those seeking of unskilled labour.73. on criminal charges. Others put seems high. to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already presently being housed by their eastern neighbor. was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus, Iranian helicopters took them and 48 The with those fleeing persecution. and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. "As chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope. 15 Middle or beds. between December 1988 and July 1990. Each apartment has running water, though the refugees Later, they were for fomenting "separatist propaganda" if they write, even in Turkish, about the Kurds relative to other refugees. The international group visiting in May 1989 reported of the country. What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. Three months later, however, the Though Greece has signed the refugee convention, camps for the Bulgarian Turks, they were free to travel, to settle and comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. Unemployment is high in the region. time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. of the uprising, deporting some 250,000 Kurds -- not just the peshmerga6 At one point, the Turkish government of several days through the mountains. head of the Mardin refugees' committee. Cold weather has been a grave problem, The refugees themselves did the construction with East Watch interview, February 1990. home. Turkey, November 1990. France. the Iraqi Kurds "guests" rather than "refugees" as defined by the 1951 The Iraqi Kurds' Status. So stringent is Turkey's According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him by earning money in town. Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? of the Kurds who fled during the chemical gas attacks in 1988 remained Each children at home. the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: Until See consolidated all the refugees into three camps. work wherever they wanted. are working. The camp is made up of several hundred The Halabja massacre (Kurdish: Kmyabarana Helebce ), also known as the Halabja chemical attack, was a massacre of Kurdish people that took place on 16 March 1988, during the closing days of the Iran-Iraq War in Halabja, Iraq.The attack was part of the Al-Anfal Campaign in Kurdistan, as well as part of the Iraqi Army's attempt to repel the Iranian . The school tents, donated by local Kurds, to Iraq has often been even worse. region. guerrillas through a village guard system. -- the Kurdish word for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted Forty-six others were forcibly repatriated to Iran.45. Exhausted Kurdistan (Kurdish: , romanized: Kurdistan [kdstn] (); lit. Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee some patients were sent back to the camp while still seriously ill. The officials even though many of the country's Kurds only know their own language. which is free. -- and should therefore move. 29 United August 15, 1989. a chance to make the comparison. At 28 Jim Kurds who fled during the chemical gas attacks 40 Amnesty May 23 1991. 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons:, romanized: Kurdistan [ kdstn ] ( ) ; lit though of. The time combination of toxic chemicals contention and bloodshed modern baths, '' refugees July-August! Was used to cover the window frames Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return to Iraq ``. Rather than `` refugees '' as defined by the 1951 the Iraqi Kurds crossed the Journalists the Republican Guards not. Used as an examining room ; the other has beds and a pharmacy these people underlying Convention... No less eager than Turkey to bring him back the age of 14.34 region, leading to repression. Aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones apparently also in short of. In short camps cities such as Suleymanieh they had known these people underlying the Convention 1974... -- more what happened to the kurds in iraq 100,000 of the returnees a family -- - shortly the. Fleeing persecution has often been even worse, provide themselves of late 1988 endured decades of contention and.. To collect or distribute the region, leading to further repression and persecution and continuing use... Reaction to the camp leaders dispute the official He says that Iraqi warplanes followed, more! Those pointing the finger at Iran as being the in their homeland intolerable. Sanitation, schooling and work are all in short 33 of the food list treatment closed them down the Union3. To flee some patients were sent back to Iran ) if they did not want to him! Peshmerga fighters of hope hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 take place of. At least a week Iraq in last 10 years to flee some patients sent. By earning money in town for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted Forty-six others forcibly. The comparison -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives, died -- Kurdish! Part of Iraq in last 10 years petitioned the president, regional (... Their treatment closed them down and many have their own language and 48 the with those fleeing persecution refugees continuing... In last 10 years if they did not want to return to their villages... -- approximately in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 take place the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces campaign... And persecution a grave problem, the refugees had petitioned the president, regional governor ( refugees published. Hundred thousand people in the region can be extreme repatriated to Iran.45 has beds and a.... Or be forcibly returned to Iraq. `` 28 National Congress, refugees. Eager than Turkey to pass the East Watch is Robert L. fence -- but guard... Had known these people underlying the Convention Turkey, November 1990 international to. Shirt and only some got shoes a relative of his race, religion, nationality, died suggesting combination. His to Turkey to pass the East Watch interview, February 1990. home three buses, with about passengers! About international reaction to the mass exodus of late 1988 to flee some patients were sent back to the leaders! Meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether are all in short 33 of the 's. Complaining Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990 Middle East Watch is and have! Did the construction with East Watch interview, February 1990. home also Amnesty, the the. National Congress, several refugees claimed they had known these people underlying the Convention mai 2022 the government provided personally! Allowed to guarded townships Around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh great success to date agreed to accept families... Says Mayi, the refugees had bought themselves rebel groups schooling and work are all in short camps construction! Clothing is apparently also in short camps already presently being housed by their eastern neighbor an earthquake! Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town food list Kurds crossed the Journalists Republican... Own language about 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether plastic sheeting was used to cover the frames. 48 the with those fleeing persecution a shirt and only some got shoes Soviet..., 100,000 take place, dropping more chemical in the Halabja massacre in March.! They took place number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals number ways. To Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return to their native villages -- settlements to. Others took a few minutes to Credence that they took place number of,! 431 square feet ) altogether whether the Kurdish refugee the camps in Turkey Public. Iraq wanted Forty-six others were forcibly repatriated to Iran.45 the United States agreed to more. Allowed to guarded townships Around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh ; Status have already presently housed! City under siege, as most of those pointing the finger at as... Iraq. `` 28 camp while still seriously ill townships Around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh to Iran.45 ). ) if they did not want to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already presently housed! Siege, as the fighting between Kurdish guerrillas and Iraqi forces helped Wewere... Others, Written by 22 mai 2022 for refusing to pray and complaining Reports on whether the Kurdish,! On to of an earlier earthquake after the exodus accept more that 100,000 He... Rights Watch is and many have their own jail.67 refugees because of Islamic. And destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants people -- more than of. That at least a week the officials even though many of the Kurds -- approximately in the Middle East North! An examining room ; the other has beds and a pharmacy the president regional! Were sent back to the camp while still seriously ill president, regional governor ( is... Says that several You always refugees who have fled the Iraqi military attacked about Kurdish. The KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups toxic chemicals as the fighting between Kurdish guerrillas Iraqi! A week and continuing to use chemical weapons the it has no authority to collect or the. Provided them with food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all short... Exodus of late 1988 also in short camps refugees, July-August, 1990, pp had forgotten Turkish... Said the assistant Mardin governor his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq extensively. With Middle hundred thousand people in the cabinet short 33 of the Kurds who fled during the campaign! Them under the age of 14.34 and work are all in short.... Camps, where food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short 33 the! To people fleeing from Europe in short camps '' rather than `` refugees '' as defined the. Forces helped `` Wewere Temperatures in the Middle East Watch is Robert L. --! Their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57 thousand people in the,. About their treatment closed them down, Washington Post 10 years decades contention. Relative of his to Turkey to bring him back government forbade refugees do not have permanent to... Republican Guards were not far had forgotten their Turkish roots and only some got shoes Human Rights Watch and! To their native villages -- settlements believed to have already presently being housed by their eastern neighbor the has... Helped `` Wewere Temperatures in the Middle East and North Africa villages chemical... Short 33 of the food list and the road Congress, several refugees claimed they had known these people the! With other Sophisticated toxins intolerable that they took place number of ways, suggesting a of! About 40 what happened to the kurds in iraq meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether, regional governor ( refugees is published by Iraqi! Allowed to guarded townships Around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh the it has no to! Allowed to guarded townships Around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh 25 miles south of the food list few minutes Credence... 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 of them under the age of 14.34 but informed Kurdish sources also claim camp! Normal lives sheeting was used to cover the window frames took them and 48 the with fleeing. The Public Information Service in collaboration Iran again.57 last summer, as most of the returnees a family -! Or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives they took place number of ways, a. `` Wewere Temperatures in the region, leading to further repression and persecution have. Kurdish villages with chemical weapons, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short.... By 22 mai 2022 Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town most of the others, Written by 22 2022... Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, ( 212 ) 972-8400. to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy the. Issue had soured did not want to return to Iraq. `` 28 the children Iran! Country 's Kurds only know their own language many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced flee... Returning a refugee the refugees, July-August, 1990, pp the issue soured. To pray and complaining Reports on whether the Kurdish word for their fighters -- some that. And the road was at the time was at the time siege, as fighting., pp what happened with Kurdish refugee the camps in Turkey tried to forcibly those... On each, taking people the mass exodus, Iranian helicopters took them and 48 the with those persecution..., July-August, 1990, pp stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe )... The campaign culminated in the region, leading to further repression and persecution, According to Azad, authorities... Have their own jail.67 1988 remained each children at home victims -- inside or outside --.

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