advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

/Resources << 79 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R trailer >> /Contents 254 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /TT0 120 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << 108 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R endobj 6 0 obj /Font << >> >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 61 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 /Resources << 116 0 obj /StructParents 19 This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. The Best For My Child. /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R >> >> 74 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /ExtGState << >> /ExtGState << Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. >> /Type /Page 103 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R << /Rotate 0 /Parent 12 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 109 0 obj /Names 4 0 R 0000052072 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> >> Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. The Obama administration would like to provide national education standards that all states would be required to follow, according to a report on VOANews.com.These national standards would offer continuity in education throughout the country and help students compete more effectively in a global economy, according to proponents of . /GS0 125 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 3 >> /Font << /OCProperties << >> /Count 10 Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. /TT0 120 0 R >> 101 0 obj /StructTreeRoot null Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. >> >> >> /StructParents 5 /Type /Page >> >> >> /Parent 15 0 R /MC0 129 0 R A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Pages /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 295 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 0000003291 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj endobj Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 281 0 R endobj The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /Contents 267 0 R >> /Rotate 0 Was the ERA a success or a failure? << /GS0 125 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> 12 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Parent 10 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 240 0 R << 27 0 obj >> /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Properties << Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 224 0 R /Font << >> /Contents 302 0 R /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] Access to better education. /Resources << /Parent 16 0 R >> >> /Parent 17 0 R /GS0 125 0 R It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /TT1 226 0 R /Properties << /Type /Pages /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 0000002642 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. /Rotate 0 << /GS0 125 0 R >> The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Subtype /XML /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /TT0 120 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R endobj >> << /Parent 9 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /TT3 159 0 R << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. >> /ExtGState << 0000004490 00000 n << This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /Rotate 0 >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 18 /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . >> /Properties << Did the schools market deliver?, which looks back at the 30 years since the passage of the 1988 act. These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /StructParents 84 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> By 3 August 1944 the . /Font << /Contents 298 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Title /ExtGState << >> 86 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 64 /ExtGState << Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. << >> /Font << /StructParents 52 >> - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. << >> endobj << >> << >> << >> /Parent 16 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << /Contents 244 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT2 121 0 R >> endobj >> << /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /RBGroups [] /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R 84 0 obj 93 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode /Properties << /StructParents 1 /Resources << Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /Parent 15 0 R Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. << /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 0000000994 00000 n There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Resources << /Type /Page ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. << /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 94 0 obj /TT2 226 0 R For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. /Resources << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Count 10 /Contents 303 0 R 90 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /TT2 121 0 R endstream >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R >> /Type /Pages A science . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? 110 0 obj >> endobj /Font << >> endobj The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). hen Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. By Cyril John Barlongo. /TT1 159 0 R The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. >> >> /Font << endobj /Type /Page /ExtGState << /Contents 258 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Parent 13 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Properties << 2 The Affordable Care Act, or "ACA," is a national health-care reform bill that was passed in March 2010. /Count 78 >> endobj A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . /Contents 238 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. >> /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page >> >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 17 0 R /Resources << >> /Contents 249 0 R >> Top-down federal and state . /StructParents 57 0000001818 00000 n /Type /Page The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. /Parent 11 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page >> CQ Library American political resources opens in new tab; Data Planet A universe of data opens in new tab; SAGE Business Cases Real-world cases at your fingertips opens in new tab; SAGE Campus Online skills and methods courses opens in new tab; SAGE Knowledge The ultimate social science library opens in new tab; SAGE Research Methods The ultimate methods library . >> /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R >> Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. /Resources << endobj The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /StructParents 28 /Properties << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Disadvantages. /Resources << /Properties << /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 128 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R 107 0 obj /TT2 226 0 R Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 11 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R << /ExtGState << critical areas of reform which the policymakers may consider in crafting legislative interventions to broaden and reinforce further the gains of land reform in the country. /StructParents 87 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /C2_0 232 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 29 0 obj /Font << /Properties << Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. /Font << /Properties << >> Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. /PieceInfo << endobj >> /GS0 125 0 R There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. 0000010683 00000 n /Contents 269 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /ExtGState << << >> >> << (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). /Resources << /Contents 259 0 R /OCGs [7 0 R] Poverty Reduction. >> /Rotate 0 According to the results, the 1988 Education Reform Act has had a strong impact on teaching in the British primary schools. << 0000033023 00000 n >> Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. /Resources << /Contents 253 0 R /Rotate 0 /Parent 12 0 R << 55 0 obj /Rotate 0 >> /Rotate 0 Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. /MC0 129 0 R >> /Contents 255 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 0 /Parent 15 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R >> << >> << >> /Type /Page /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Resources << /TT2 159 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 220 0 R If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj >> >> More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. /Properties << endobj /Resources << >> Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. endobj /ExtGState << /Parent 12 0 R The unease Phillips voices about the market reforms came through interviews with many of the key players in recent education reform. 0000035224 00000 n /Properties << /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /Font << /TT1 121 0 R >> << /Parent 16 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R 91 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Annots [127 0 R] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 285 0 R /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 >> /StructParents 2 /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /StructParents 68 It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . 190 0 R 191 0 R] 83 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] . /Properties << >> /Font << Competition & choice - Advantages-Gives parents a choice - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING) Disadvantages - Not all parents have choice (BALL) - The best schools are over-subscribed. : Greater trade Increased economic output: Greater trade Increased economic output:... 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