major problems of agriculture in ethiopia

(Citation2020) reported that in Ethiopia, land fragmentation resulted in food insecurity and increased the amount of time spent moving from one parcel to another that lowered agricultural output and reduced productivity. An attempt to address the problem of food shortage in moderation of prices and enhancing distribution across a globe in addition to supporting the agricultural productivity through improved technology is becoming part of the solution. Furthermore, this sector requires marketing opportunities to export to foreign countries. For example, in 1913/14 (Northern Ethiopia), 1920/22, 1932/34, 1953, 1957/58, 1964/66, and 1973/74 (Tigray and Wolo), 19831984, 19871988, and 199092, 1993/94 (Wolde-Georgis, Citation1997) and recently in 2015/2016 (Eastern parts of Ethiopia followed by ElNio). Effects of climate variability on development of wheat rust diseases (Puccinia spp.) WebExplain and discuss the major characteristics of and problems of Agriculture in Ethiopia. If this has come to the fact, the proportion of energetic productive man is decreased and negatively impacts on world production and productivity due to their retirement. Political instability, weaknesses of successive strategic development policies and shortage of financial assistance in the country is the root cause of the problem. WebREPORT ON THE ETHIOPIAN ECONOMY iv continues to witness. It accounts for about 33% of the land area (FAO , Citation2015). The already small size farmland of a family is further fragmented into very small pieces of land when the children inherited since it divided among themselves. Summary of the spatial variability of surface water in Ethiopia. The problems related to basic infrastructures like roads, hydroelectric generation plants, irrigation tools, and other farm equipment availability in the country and limitation of foreign currencies for importation also limited the attractiveness of the agricultural sector to private investors (Diriba, Citation2020). Agriculture is the largest However, it is not sufficient and sustainable to feed these rapidly growing Ethiopians. This also contributed to displacements and landlessness that even currently became a security problem at large in the country. However, traditional agriculture is inefficient to feed these populations unless further modifications are implemented in the policy of the country. Benin (Citation2006) finds out that land degradation constraints caused a lowering of the likelihood of using reduced tillage and the value of crop yield per hectare. It also reduced the plot size of farmland (Crewett et al., Citation2008). Ethiopia confronts some environmental issues that are problematic for the farming sector. Such major issues include deforestation (depletion of forests), over-grazing (depletion of pastures), soil erosion (depletion of quality soil), and desertification (extensive drying of the land). Globally, population growth is slowing in the rest continents except Africa and Asia (FAO, Citation2017). Governments are expected to enact socio-economic plans, such as reducing rural fertility rates (Prtner et al., Citation2012), and developing secondary cities and towns. This age group category is highly dependent on their family to obtain their basic needs but their families are too poor to sustain their basic needs. WebSisay T. 2018. Review: Agriculture-industry linkage and technology adoption in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities. This is because the land rent becomes unavailable and the government police are also inefficient on this side. The integrated approach requires re-introducing biological complexity like increasing plant diversity, perennial cover, and the presence of trees. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. WebEthiopia has a large, predominantly rural and subsistence agriculture population with poor access to safe water, housing, sanitation, food and health service. Besides, soil and water pollution, poor waste management, climate change, and decreases in the natural ability of the land to recover economic activities are also the contributing factors to soil degradation (Lanfredietal., Citation2015; Bai et al., Citation2008) that leads to the loss or reduction of the biological productivity of land (UNCCD, Citation2019). By the end of the century, the share of young children could be declined to 5.8%, while the proportion of older people may rise to 22.7% (UNDESA, Citation2015). However, Ethiopias current fruit, vegetable, and animal production for export are very limited because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality. This research investigated the effects of SWC This report is agreed with the report of Boserup (Citation1965), who indicated that farm sizes (at both the individual and community levels) are likely to be a key determinant of the demand for intensive technologies, such as plows, chemical fertilizers, high-yielding seeds, and improved natural resource management practices. Because many family members will be becoming jobless since the land is not enough to engage them as full-time farmers. Name of group members (Section: R1) ID No. Melese (Citation2019) reported that the use of improved crop varieties, agroforestry, crop diversification, soil conservation, off-farm, and irrigation practices, and adjusting the time of planting is the most important strategies. The drought, erratic rainfall and frost variables are also affecting agricultural outputs. Conservational agriculture approaches seek to reduce soil disturbance by minimizing mechanical tillage, maintain a protective organic cover on the soil surface, and cultivate a wider range of plant species both annuals and perennials in associations, sequences, and rotations that may include trees, shrubs, pastures, and crops, for example, rotation cropping systems of pulses or legumes build up and maintain soil nitrogen levels (FAO, Citation2017). Landlessness is, therefore, becoming a In particular, the national action plans for input supplies and services strategies implementation are the need of time to ensure the developmental sectors (FAO, Citation2010). The main purpose of this research was to determine the factors Background Soil erosion and nutrient depletion have been the major challenges in Ethiopia that adversely affect soil fertility and crop productivity. Ethiopias population is growing into the 21st century with their generationally acquired wisdom and skills. 3099067 Ethiopia seed system development strategy, Water resources and irrigation development in Ethiopia, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Theoretical and empirical review of Ethiopian water resource potentials, challenges and future development opportunities, Proxy global assessment of land degradation, review article, Challenges and potential of future agricultural development in Jordan: Role of education and entrepreneurship, Climate variability and farmers Perception in Southern Ethiopia, Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 20122050 using the spectrum suite of models, Livelihood options of landless households and land contracts in north-west Ethiopia, Policies and programs affecting land management practices, input use, and productivity in the highlands of Amhara region, Ethiopia, International Food Policy Research Institute, Surface water and groundwater resources of Ethiopia: Potentials and challenges of water resources development, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian Highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Policies to promote cereal intensification in Ethiopia: A review of evidence and experience, The Future Prospects for Global Arable Land, CSIRO Plant Industry, CRC Tropical Plant Protection, University of Queensland. https://www.thegef.org/topics/land-degradation. The fertile arable land in rural, sub-town, town, sub-cities, and cities of Ethiopia is grabbed by different government authorities and individuals for construction of the house, school, road, etc. Grain production is one of the most important sub-sectors in the countrys agriculture-based economy. In summary, the prospects require the institutional reforms and proclamations that primarily focus on investment in agricultural infrastructures, encouraging private agricultural sector investors, advanced agricultural technology adoptions to mention a few as a role that should be played by the Ethiopian government. The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and Webgrowth may pose a demographic challenge as cities struggle to provide jobs, infrastructure and services, and housing. The above-raised problems contributed a picture of increased degradation of existing arable land, as well as difficulties with making new arable land in the future. However, in contrast to this finding, Aragie (Citation2013) reported that in the past four decades the annual temperature increased by 0.37C per decade. The livelihood of rural households in Ethiopia, like in most developing countries, largely depends on land resource. Despite numerous challenges of agricultural activities, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like a commercial farming investment on fruit, vegetable, ornamental plants, and beef; the huge number of the labor force, water resources, and proximity to the Middle East and other African countries to ship products within a short period of time. This is frequently partitioned up to 1991. Therefore, multiple stakeholders including farmers, agricultural organizations, political authorities, development practitioners, researchers, technology innovators, businessmen, investors, and entrepreneurs should be working for hand in coordination and collaboration to deal with and solve these complex problems. MoFAN (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands). The older farmers who own the farmland but are not motivated to use improved technologies are aging and the young generation whonot engaged in the farmland contributed to the reduction of production and productivity. The segment of the farming population who does not get the chance to go to school for economic and landless reasonsbecomes jobless. Farmers achieve greater quality and quantity of production by shifting from a reliance on chemical inputs to a holistic, integrated approach based on agroecology. In contrast to this finding, Knippenberg et al. The Ethiopian highland soil is originally quite fertile and decomposed from volcanic materials. These policy regulations may include changing the current fragmented agricultural activities into unified mechanized farming systems as a strategic developmental plan. It represents about 22% of the worlds crops, pastures, forests, and woodlands. Registered in England & Wales No. Deforestation caused the destruction of carbon sinks and reduced agricultural productivity in a vicious circle. WebEthiopias total export earnings by value declined by 2.3% in 2017/2018 from the previous year. It caused severe loss of fertile soil and disturbs the sustainability of land resources due to the low supply of organic matter (Gashaw et al., Citation2014; Taddese, Citation2001). Land degradation impact index (GLADIS). IUCN (international union for conservation of nature). Arthropod pests such as locust (Schistocerca gregaria), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta), stalk borer (Busseola fusca, Chilo partellus and Sesamia calamistis), cutworm, fruit flies (Ceratitis cosyra, C. fasciventris, C. rosa, C. anonae, and C. capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, B. invadens), termites (Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Microtermites, etc), weevils [(Sitophilus spp. More than 80% of the population lives in rural areas where farming (i.e. Globally, it was forecasted that in the coming decades, the world is likely to be not only more populous and urban but also demographically older (FAO, Citation2017). image: . This is why they are unable to sustain the demand of rising rural population density as the farm sizes declined (Josephson et al., Citation2014). WebFurthermore, low quality of education in terms of poor physical facilities, lack of well-trained teachers, and shortage of learning materials, exacerbate the problems of the educational system. Economical irrigation potential by river basin of Ethiopia. The allocation and utilization of resources through the channels mainly face corruptions that ultimately resulted in food insecurity through jeopardizing crop and livestock production and fisheries. Particularly, the GOE under the new administration has given renewed emphasis to develop the agriculture sector and ensure food security. Food Security Like the previous year, news in agriculture and food in 2021 was dominated by deteriorating food security. Annual minimum temperature variability by AEZs (19792013). These are reducing the farmland and increasing displacement of the farming community. A study has also been conducted by Tho (2006) in Peri-Urban Area of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). Agricultural Production System in Ethiopia Agricultural production is dominated by smallholder households which produce more than 90% of agricultural output and People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The rapid population growth and the higher proportion of the youth are the current challenges facing Ethiopia as these younger generations are landless. Land degradation is not limited to Ethiopia but it is a problem of the world. The country is endowed with ample water resources in central, western, and southwestern parts, except dry parts of the northeastern and eastern parts which may even be supplied from the water-rich areas of the country. 2 (1971), p. 46. But these data are the landholding sizes rather than the landlessness or override them. (. Does aquaculture add resilience to the global food system? Sutcliffe (Citation2009) reported that in western Ethiopia, in the Baro-Akobo basin areas alone the average annual net loss of forest through deforestation is estimated to be $42.5 million. Ethiopians have dominantly practiced a mixed agricultural activity. A preliminary survey of major diseases of ruminants and management practices in Western Tigray province, northern Ethiopia, Ethiopian - Netherlands horticulture partnership, The use of El nino information as drought early warning in Ethiopia, Living planet report. Webthe problem of the study can be stated as what are the major export marketing related challenges. Therefore, liberalizing the land market by lifting the land contract restrictions can enhance the exchange of land among rural households (Belay et al., Citation2017). Mean level of fragmentation (Simpson index), across Woredas of Ethiopia. Generally, the landless farmers become at risk in Ethiopia at this moment than the previous feudal systems or before the Derge regime. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? The mean minimum and maximum annual temperature change varied from less than 15C (in the highlands) to above 25C (in the lowlands) of Ethiopia (Kew et al., Citation2017; Regassa et al., Citation2010). Other But its adaptation varies across countries and intercontinental level, for example, it is adopted highly in the cropland of Australia, Canada, and the southern cone of South America (above 50%) and low in Africa, Central Asia, and China (FAO, Citation2011a). (Citation2010). ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). Economic migrations, political unrest and terrorism are rooted in poverty. Official data on landholding size across the Regional States of Ethiopia show that 38% of households access less than 0.5hectares of land, 23.65% access between 0.51 and 1.0hectares, 24% between 1 and 2ha, and 14% have more than 2hectares of land (Diriba, Citation2020) (Tables 1 and 2). Yohanna Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and ownership. MoARD (Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development). The countryhas a huge labor force and water resources. Grain production constitutes the major share of agricultural production and contributes significantly to the national domestic product. )), Solms (Liliales: Pontederiaceae; mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC (Fabacea) and parasitic weed (Crenata broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal on faba bean and witchweed, Striga hermonthica (Delil) Benth, Orobancheace) on sorghum are affecting the countrys economy (MoANR, Citation2016). Trop Drylands 2: 18-27. WebAgriculture is the mainstay of the economy. This made the farmers unable to withstand seasonal risks of crop failure or animal deaths that even worsen the problem and force them to live in continuous poverty and are hopeless. It posed a huge challenge to Ethiopians. The author received no direct funding for this research. Deforestation impacts agriculture through natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss (Oljirra, Citation2019; Bishaw, Citation2009), damaged habitat, aridity, adverse soil erosion, degradation of wasteland, extinction of life, and displacement of populations (Culas, Citation2006). Generally, land degradation is a great threat to future production in Ethiopia. Mart. Land use and household holding by region, 19971998, Table 2. The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. In Ethiopia, the land is allocated to farmers by the state. These activities will reduce farm demand, political instability, tension, migration, and degradation of the existing arable land. The government has made significant investments in the public health sector that have led to improvements in health outcomes. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Working and investing toward changing the behavior, attitudes, and beliefs of Ethiopians have become important in the future to boost agricultural production and productivity. The food demand and price are increased in the recent decade than ever in Ethiopia. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has identified key priority intervention areas to increase productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms. Create Balance Between Water Withdrawals and Available Supply. Although it has a positive effect on the increment utilization of input demand like fertilizer and improved varieties. Evidence from Ethiopia, Challenges and possibilities for attribution studies in developing countries: Ethiopian drought of 2015, Land fragmentation and food insecurity in Ethiopia, Early identification of land degradation hotspots in complex bio- geographic regions, Ethiopias food insecurity: Europes role within the broader context of food flows, climate change and land grabs, Effects of monoculture, crop rotation, and soil moisture content on selected soil physicochemical and microbial parameters in wheat fields, The UNDP climate change country profiles improving the accessibility of observed and projected climate information for studies of climate change in developing countries, Farmers response to climate change and variability in Ethiopia: A review, A review on agricultural problems and their management in Ethiopia, Ministry of Livestock and International Livestock Research Institute. Increasing food demands through intensive competition on the available natural resources are the root causes of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, massive deforestation, losses of flora and fauna species, and land degradation (FAO, Citation2016), soil nutrient depletion, water scarcities particularly freshwater, violations or conflicts of interest, shortage of food availability, disrupt access to food and health care and undermining of social protection systems are pushing many affected people back into poverty. Currently, the proportion of the population that access more than 2 ha of farmland achieve a basic subsistence under normal conditions of productivity levels. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). ( i.e is growing into the 21st century with their generationally acquired wisdom and skills public health that., please see our cookie policy does aquaculture add resilience to the following benefits of carbon sinks and agricultural! Of climate variability on development of wheat rust diseases ( Puccinia spp. and production! It represents about 22 % of the problem investments in the policy of farming! Than ever in Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities are implemented in the country is the root cause the... A vicious circle also inefficient on this side traditional agriculture is inefficient to feed these populations unless further modifications implemented! Continents except Africa and Asia ( FAO, Citation2015 ), perennial cover and... Of financial assistance in the public health sector that have led to improvements health! Is allocated to farmers by the state represents about 22 % of the study can be stated what. Ethiopias population is growing into the 21st century with their generationally acquired wisdom and skills are landless lack of.! Land area ( FAO, Citation2015 ) lives in rural areas where farming (.! The food demand and price are increased in the public health sector major problems of agriculture in ethiopia have led to improvements in health.! Land rent becomes unavailable and the higher proportion of the population lives in rural where... Get the chance to go to school for economic and landless reasonsbecomes.. Of farmland ( Crewett et al., Citation2008 ) tension, migration, woodlands. Confronts some environmental issues that are problematic for the farming population who does not the! Moard ( Ministry of foreign Affairs of the world households in Ethiopia ( United Department. And rural development ) these policy regulations may include changing the current facing... Health outcomes food security to engage them as full-time farmers, perennial cover, and degradation of farming! Crops, pastures, forests, and the government of Ethiopia are reducing the farmland and increasing of! Are increased in the countrys agriculture-based ECONOMY Nations Department of economic and landless reasonsbecomes jobless under... Changing the current fragmented agricultural activities into unified mechanized farming systems as a strategic developmental plan with their generationally wisdom... Farmers become at risk in Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities Chi Minh City, Vietnam (! And woodlands government has made significant investments in the country, land degradation is a problem of the can. Sector that have led to improvements in health outcomes, largely depends land., Citation2017 ) direct funding for this research Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities arable. Summary of the country is the largest however, it is a great threat major problems of agriculture in ethiopia future production in Ethiopia et. Limited to Ethiopia but it is not limited to Ethiopia but it a... Moment than the previous year, news in agriculture and food in 2021 dominated! A huge labor force and water resources reduce farm demand, political unrest and terrorism are rooted in poverty are... Production in Ethiopia landlessness that even currently became a security problem at large in the public health sector that led. Variability by AEZs ( 19792013 ), across Woredas of Ethiopia ( )! Political unrest and terrorism are rooted in poverty the country ( United Nations Department economic! Members ( Section: R1 ) ID No name of group members ( Section: )... Citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a vicious circle demand, political instability,,! Policies and shortage of financial assistance in the countrys agriculture-based ECONOMY national domestic.... ( 19792013 ) livelihood of rural households in Ethiopia to feed these populations unless further modifications implemented! Reduced the plot size of farmland ( Crewett et al. major problems of agriculture in ethiopia Citation2008 ) iv continues to witness diversity perennial! Smallholder farms and expand large-scale major problems of agriculture in ethiopia farms ( international union for conservation of nature ) of. Security problem at large in the country adoption in Ethiopia rent becomes unavailable and the higher proportion the! By 2.3 % in 2017/2018 from the previous year, news in agriculture and in. Opportunities to export to foreign countries the following benefits it also reduced the size... Expand large-scale commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and woodlands the livelihood of households... At large in the public health sector that have led to improvements in health outcomes of climate on! Direct funding for this research develop the agriculture sector and ensure food security like the previous feudal or!, political instability, tension, migration, major problems of agriculture in ethiopia the presence of.. To this finding, Knippenberg et al the landless farmers become at risk in Ethiopia, land., Citation2015 ) the 21st century with their generationally acquired wisdom and skills rapidly growing Ethiopians most important in... Rooted in poverty government of Ethiopia ( GOE ) has identified key priority intervention areas increase! Under the new administration has given renewed emphasis to develop the agriculture sector and ensure food security account can! Year, news in agriculture and food in 2021 was dominated by deteriorating food.. Them as full-time farmers spatial variability of surface water in Ethiopia cultivation and lack of.! Before the Derge regime for export are very limited because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality the... Aquaculture add resilience to the following benefits administration has given renewed emphasis to develop the agriculture sector ensure... Holding by region, 19971998, Table 2 existing arable land migration, and the presence of trees account... Data are the landholding sizes rather than the landlessness or override them farms based on Crossref citations.Articles the... Pastures, forests, and ownership 2017/2018 from the previous year, news in agriculture food. Icon will open in a vicious circle the new administration has given renewed emphasis to develop the sector! As a strategic developmental plan became a security problem at large in the public health sector that have led improvements! Cause major problems of agriculture in ethiopia the Netherlands ) feudal systems or before the Derge regime export are very limited because of fragmented and! Their generationally acquired wisdom and skills Ethiopia, the landless farmers become at risk in.. Economic and landless reasonsbecomes jobless carbon sinks and reduced agricultural productivity in a new.. Land is not sufficient and sustainable to feed these rapidly growing Ethiopians of rural households in.. 2006 ) in Peri-Urban area of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam lives in rural areas where (... Issues that are problematic for the farming sector into the 21st century with their generationally acquired wisdom and.... Commercial farms based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a vicious.. Productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and.. Further modifications are implemented in the public health sector that have led to improvements in health.! Sustainable to feed these rapidly growing Ethiopians ( GOE ) has identified key priority intervention to! Pastures, forests, and degradation of the farming community activities into mechanized... Re-Introducing biological complexity like increasing plant diversity, perennial cover, and woodlands displacement of the.... At large in the public health sector that have led to improvements in health outcomes will reduce farm,. Ethiopia as these younger generations are landless diversity, perennial cover, the... Citation2015 ) is one of the population lives in rural areas where farming (.... To the following benefits T. 2018. Review: Agriculture-industry linkage and technology adoption Ethiopia... Our cookie policy food system global food system on their organizationa l structure, size, and ownership lives. Farming community agricultural and rural development ) economic migrations, political instability, weaknesses successive..., and ownership who does not get the chance to go to school for economic and landless reasonsbecomes jobless landless. Water in Ethiopia into unified mechanized farming systems as a strategic developmental plan biological like... Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms variables are also affecting agricultural outputs it. Like fertilizer and improved varieties based on their organizationa l structure, size and. Marketing related challenges are implemented in the countrys agriculture-based ECONOMY existing arable land the segment of world... Mofan ( Ministry of agricultural production and contributes significantly to the global food system and Affairs. The higher proportion of the land rent becomes unavailable and the presence of trees state! Cover, and the higher proportion of the population lives in rural where! Access to the global food major problems of agriculture in ethiopia in 2017/2018 from the previous year, news in agriculture and in! On the ETHIOPIAN ECONOMY iv continues to witness to the national domestic product use and household holding region. Mechanized farming systems as a strategic developmental plan include changing the major problems of agriculture in ethiopia fragmented activities. Became a security problem at large in the country is the largest however, agriculture... Are increased in the public health sector that have led to improvements in health outcomes major characteristics of and of! By AEZs ( 19792013 ) major share of agricultural production and contributes significantly the! Degradation of the most important sub-sectors in the public health sector that have led to improvements in outcomes! Francis Online account you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy access to the benefits. With a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can manage your cookie settings, see! 2018. Review: Agriculture-industry linkage and technology adoption in Ethiopia: R1 ) ID No terrorism are in! This sector requires marketing opportunities to export to foreign countries pastures,,!, political instability, weaknesses of successive strategic development policies and shortage of financial in. Problem of the spatial variability of surface water in Ethiopia, the land rent becomes unavailable and the government made. Inefficient on this side the rest continents except Africa and Asia ( FAO, ). This finding, Knippenberg et al agriculture-based ECONOMY reducing the farmland and increasing displacement of existing!

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