the great book of melanin research pdf
The effect of melanin enhancing the survival of fungi under adverse conditions is mainly due to its function as an extracellular redox buffer, which can neutralize oxidants generated by the fungus in response to environmental stress [19]. For example, Aspergillus fumigatus synthesizes DHN-melanin [98] and also produces a second type of melanin, piomelanins, from homogentisic acid by the tyrosine degradation pathway that protects the cell wall of hyphae from ROS, and gray-green DHN-melanins determine the structural integrity of the cell wall of conidia and their adhesive properties [99]. These results indicate that corn steep liquor contains substances that stimulate the synthesis of pigment and it represents a low-cost fermentation medium for large-scale production of the pigment melanin by MEL1 mutant for future industrial applications [74]. WebMelanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers A. Bernardus Mostert Citation:Mostert, A.B. In this study, we demonstrated that this melanin pigment did not induce gene mutations in different strains of Salmonella typhimurium used in the Ames assay. Some melanized fungi have shown to be good candidates for bioremediation of contaminated sites, due to the ability of fungal melanin to bind to heavy metals and radionuclides in contaminated sites. According to Dr Timothy Moore In humans, melanin is the primary determinant of skin and hair colour WebIt is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced. WebK12 School Digital and Curricular Classroom Materials - NGL After 13 days, all the mice in the control group had died, and the mice that ate the nonmelaninized porcini mushrooms died almost as fast as the controls. Web A FREE Digital Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research and The Alkaline Cookbook Access to the Live Weekly Police Stop Law Class. A study conducted in our laboratory evaluated the use of corn steep liquor, sugarcane bagasse, and molasses as nutritional source on pigment production by melanin-overproducing mutant (MEL1) from A. nidulans. Feb 19, 2023. [113] reported that treatment of macrophages activated in vitro with melanin from the fungus F. pedrosoi inhibited the production of nitric oxide and Th1 cytokines. They related that high-quality melanin thin films display appealing features, such as reversible conductivity by controlled hydrationdehydration stepsexcellent biocompatibility with stem cells, and water-resistant adhesion, for bioelectronic applications, e.g., in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), which can translate cellular activity into electrical signals [125, 147]. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! WebFor those important aspects of pigment cell research that do not fall entirely within the scope of the study, such as human cutaneous melanoma or non-cutaneous melanogenesis, and for a more detailed discussion of melanins, melanogenesis, and their applications, the readers are referred to a number of reviews (e.g. 25. WebIn his book The Science & Myth of Melanin Dr. Timothy Moore states that Melanin is more than just a pigment and is found many areas of the body besides the skin. 68 pages, Paperback. It was reported that melanin isolated from the fungus G. simplex reduced the radiation-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-), which might help in the recovery from radiation injury by preventing the aggravation of inflammation and oxidative stress [33]. Most Ascomycota fungi synthesize DHN-melanin from the polyketide synthase pathway, whereas few species are able to produce melanin through L-DOPA, in a pathway that resembles mammalian melanin biosynthesis [1113]. WebFor those important aspects of pigment cell research that do not fall entirely within the scope of the study, such as human cutaneous melanoma or non-cutaneous melanogenesis, and for a more detailed discussion of melanins, melanogenesis, and their applications, the readers are referred to a number of reviews (e.g. Hermit93 These results suggest that melanin from A. nidulans has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent and may be used in the future for development of new drugs with therapeutic utility [32]. Melanins produced by Exophiala pisciphila and Aspergillus bridgeri ICTF-201 exhibited a significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity comparable with that of synthetic melanin, indicating its antioxidant potential [102, 103]. In general, glucose, an excellent carbon source for growth, interferes with the formation of many secondary metabolites, including pigments. @DESIRE | You #Enslave or are-Enslaved. In Melanin, the Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and its physicochemical properties. Melanin has many other interesting properties, such as ultraviolet absorption, which has been utilized to prepare optical lenses or filters. In the context, we hope that the information in this book will be useful and will encourage a greater number of researches on fungal melanin, which might be useful to deploy innovative and sustainable solutions for human health and the environment. The melanin-mediated nanostructures with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against food pathogens may be considered suitable for many practical food packaging applications because they can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogens and increase the shelf life of packed food products [124]. WebK12 School Digital and Curricular Classroom Materials - NGL Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. By Liviu Feller, Razia A.G. Khammissa and Johan Lemme IntechOpen Limited The potential of using filamentous fungi as pigment sources is due to their extraordinary metabolic versatility because they can be cultivated over a wide range of temperatures (1050C), pH (211), salinity (034%), and water activity (0.61) and under oligotrophic or nutrient-rich conditions. Fungi constitute a valuable source of pigments because they are capable of producing high yields of the substance in the cheap culture medium, making the bioprocess economically viable on the industrial scale. In particular, it can be considered a promising material for sensors and photovoltaic devices, due to broadband spectral absorbance and charge transport properties [128]. This strategy may represent an added value to the industry and also helps in solving pollution problems, reducing or preventing their disposal in the environment [1, 66, 67]. This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. Besides, the microorganisms produce an extraordinary range of pigments that include several chemical classes such as carotenoids, melanins, flavins, phenazines, quinones, monascins, violacein, or indigo, as shown in Table1. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! Scientists have identified three forms of melanin in humans: eumelanin. Studies have demonstrated that the promoting or repressing effect of a nitrogen source on pigment production is strain dependent. Llaila O. Afrika. It has been reported that substances acting as antioxidants protect cells from ROS-mediated DNA damage, which can result in mutation and subsequent carcinogenesis. Most significant, however, is the resulting necessity for the increased production of melanin, first as a sun protectant but secondarily as a means to endow humans with the ability to harness electromagnetic radiation for metabolic energy in a fashion similar to chlorophyll. If tyrosine is the precursor, it is first converted to L-dopa and then dopaquinone. 16. [13]. 2 (April 1961): 440-41,https://doi.org/10.2307/1932103. A biosynthesis pathway for fungal DOPA-melanin, proposed by [11], is shown in Figure2, which strongly resembles the pathway found in mammalian cells, though some of the details may differ. Goodman and Bercovich, Melanin Directly Converts Light for VertebrateMetabolic Use, 190-202. Print length 103 pages Language English Publisher Lushena Books Publication date Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! By supporting creators you love on Patreon, you're becoming an active participant in their creative process. 28. A great deal of the research at present defy a comprehensive standards based approach. Melanin is a biological molecule associated with pigmentation in humans and animals. Books > [3]. This could have further increased brain development in the sheer size and complexity of neural circuits. Large amounts of agro-industrial residues generated from diverse economic activities have attracted strong industry interest on the utilization of these residues as inexpensive substrates to support the growth of microorganisms in bioprocesses. Learn more by reading the entire Chapter 3,The New Biophysics of Energy Synthesis: How the Body Harvests Natures Alternative Energy Sources to Power Cellular Pathways, Build Resilience, and Promote Our Evolutionary Edge. 68 pages, Paperback. Deposition of homogeneous melanin layers for optoelectronics application is an issue of considerable technological relevance. Uploaded by An ideal pigment-producing microorganism should be capable of using a wide range of C and N sources; must be tolerant to pH, temperature, and minerals concentration; and must give reasonable pigments yield. Scheme adapted from Ref. C. neoformans, a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast, is known to synthesize DOPA-melanin when o-diphenolic compounds, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, are present in the culture medium. Llaila O. Afrika. neuromelanin. 27. Dopaquinone, a highly reactive intermediate, forms leucodopachrome, which is then oxidized to dopachrome. It has also been reported that melanin thin films possess highly desirable physical and biological properties that make them ideal for organic bioelectronic devices [130]. The same enzyme, tyrosinase, carries out both steps. 4.37. Studies developed in our laboratory, using a melanin-overproducing mutant (MEL1) from Aspergillus nidulans fungus, showed that the higher production of pigment occurred at incubation temperature of 28C compared to 37C [50]. pheomelanin. A state of the art facility which uses disciplined scholarship to ascertain objective knowledge regarding melanin and maintain a database of such knowledge would help to expand the awareness of melanin and its actual characteristics. As shown in Table1, some fungal species produce a dark-brown pigment, known as melanin. Since melanin has a stable free radical population, it is thought that the radioprotective properties of this pigment result from a combination of physical shielding and quenching of cytotoxic free radicals generated by radiation [18]. 26. Miroslav Blumenberg. Radionuclide contamination also led to a change in fungal communities, with an increased proportion of melanized fungi. WebIt is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced. This book could save your life! Experimental evidence shows that the accumulation of 90Sr by conidia or mycelium by a range of microfungal species is greater in pigmented than in unpigmented species [158]. This strategy may be used to improve nanomaterials with potential applications as efficient catalysts and electrocatalysts. Since melanin has a stable free radical population, it is thought that the radioprotective properties of this pigment result from a combination of physical shielding and quenching of cytotoxic free radicals generated by radiation [18]. What advantages, then, could hairlessness impart? This is one example among several that challenge the widely held assumption that animals are incapable of directly utilizing light energy.18. Given its function as an evolutionarily encoded heuristic that has allowed the human brain to rapidly identify in-group versus out-group dynamics, it has played a role in genocide, slavery, and the rise and fall of civilizations, all of which have been at least partly due to misperceptions about what it means to have more or less melanin in the skin. These advances allow to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the various biological functions of melanin [22]. In this pathway, the polyketide synthase (PKS) converts malonyl-CoA to 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (1,3,6,8-THN), which undergoes several reduction and dehydration reactions to produce scytalone, 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene (THN), and vermelone. Feb 19, 2023. In a similar study, [56] noted that the production of pigment by Monascus species also was favored when the fungus was grown in the dark. Want to learn more from GreenMedInfo? Microbial pigment production is now one of the emerging fields of research due to its potential for various industrial applications, as foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and textile manufacturing processes. I have summarised and bulletpointed his main points. 22. Other dermocosmetic applications of melanins include the use of the pigment for hair dyeing and the development of novel strategies for hair recoloration [150]. This study demonstrated that toxin-induced Parkinsons disease could be prevented in the melanin-treated animals because the administered melanin causes chelation or scavenging of toxins, such as MPTP, thus preventing a neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinsons disease. Scheme adapted from Ref. Melanin is a biological molecule associated with pigmentation in humans and animals. Apart from this scavenging ability, melanin exhibits other biological activities, including thermoregulatory, photoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory [13, 17, 18, 3134]. The extracellular melanin isolated from S. commune showed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens and antifungal activity against dermatophytic fungi, Trichophyton simii, and T. rubrum [34]. Similar results were also observed for melanin from Ophiocordyceps sinensis, which proved to be an effective DPPH radical scavenger and a strong ferrous iron chelator [105]. The Melanin Empath Discover the Knowledge of Melanated Beings Born With Empath Energy Author: Jade Asikiwe Publisher: ISBN: Category: Body, Mind & Spirit Page: 278 View: 702 DOWNLOAD NOW 2020-10-27 in Cindy Sewell The Melanin Empath Survival and Healing Guide to Discover Melanated Beings and Avoid Damage from Negative Energy Author: Cindy Sewell Scientists have identified three forms of melanin in humans: eumelanin. 100% Health cracked, 100% Universal Laws (operating here cracked, how to take advantage), In 100% describes Biblical Law of Jesus Christ which operates in this reality and leads Want to read. Melanin is a substance in the skin that produces skin pigmentation. A study performed with melanin nanoparticles as biocompatible drug nanocarriers, using metronidazole (antibiotic drug), showed that melanin could be a very interesting nanocarrier drug release device because it strongly responds to pH, being a very interesting feature for the treatment of intestine and colon diseases, which would greatly benefit with pH targeting [142]. Experimental evidences indicate that the growth temperature influences the performance of the pigment production process, but this effect depends on the type of organism. WebMAGICKAL HOODOO VOODOO HEALING SUPERFOODS. Melanin produced by Schizophyllum commune showed high free radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner, when the melanin concentration was increased from 10 to 50 g, the scavenging activity was also increased from 87% to 96%, similar to those obtained using ascorbic acid (standard compound used to measure free radical scavenging activity) [34]. These results can be explained by melanin or other natural pigments present in the cell wall of these fungi that can act as the radiation receptor and/or as an energy transporter for metabolism. Owing to its semiconductor property, melanin becomes a promising material for organic bioelectronic devices like transistors, sensors, and batteries [121]. The probable mechanisms of radioprotection by melanin appear to be modulated in pro-survival pathways, immune system, and prevention of oxidative stress. Another study showed that systemic melanin-covered nanoparticle (MN) administration reduced hematologic toxicity in mice treated with radiation and that these structures provide efficient protection to bone marrow against radiotoxicity during radioimmunotherapy and in some cases external beam radiation therapy, permitting the administration to tumors of significantly higher doses [117]. The pigment production from microorganisms is considered more advantageous because it is a more efficient and cost-effective process than chemical synthesis of pigments. 2020 GreenMedInfo LLC. This volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, meditation and ritual, oracles, deities, philosophical and psychological foundations, and consulting and interpreting the oracle. WebMelanin: The Chemical Keys to Black Greatness (Vol. The purpose of this chapter involves a comprehensive discussion of the research on fungal melanin, including the recently discovered biological activities and the potential use of this pigment for several biotechnological applications. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! The presence of unpaired electrons in the melanin structure is responsible for various properties, including antioxidant, semiconductor, optical, electronic, and radio- and photoprotective [19]. We are also more exposed to ultraviolet light, which degradesfolatein the human body, leaving fetuses more likely to develop neural tube defects. The A. auricula melanin displayed inhibitory activity on biofilm formation of the three bacterial strains, E. coli K-12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and P. fluorescens P-3, and there was a proportional reduction in biofilm biomass with the increase in pigment concentration. The results showed that the viability of mouse macrophages remained greater than 90% when these cells were treated with a high melanin concentration (100 g/mL), indicating that this pigment has low cytotoxicity [32]. 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen We also showed that the toxicity of A. nidulans melanin on mouse fibroblast McCoy cell line, after metabolic activation with hepatic S9 microsomal fraction, was much lesser (CI50 = 413.4 3.1 g/mL) than known cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide (CI50 = 15 1.2 g/mL). The rapid expansion of our speciess brain volume, known as encephalization, occurred at the same time as the adaptive event of human hair loss, around 2 million years ago. The production of high amounts of extracellular melanin by the fungus Gliocephalotrichum simplex was obtained in cultures supplemented with tyrosine (2.5%) and peptone (1%) [64]. The fungi grown under red light have no effect, and green or yellow light resulted in worsening effect in all the fungi, thus postulating the existence of photoreceptors responsive to dark and light in all the fungi. Pigments produced by different microorganisms. Study conducted by [154] showed that a melanin-rich strain of the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides biosorbed 2.5- to 4-fold more Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ion than non-melanic Penicillium digitatum. Humans with lighter skin tones may have gained vitamin D accessibility at the expense of the ability to convert sunlight into metabolic energy. :). Studies on wood-inhabiting fungi indicate that pH of the substrate potentially plays an important role in fungal melanin formation. The probable mechanism of action was suggested by a study published inBioelectrochemistry,30in which ionizing radiation was found to alter melanins oxidation-reduction potential. Melanin pigment of Fonsecaea pedrosoi has antioxidant potential by reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II), ensuring the balance of its redox chemical microenvironment and minimizing the effect of oxidation of fundamental structures on fungal growth [104]. 15. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Buy on Amazon. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Visit the help section or contact us Eligible for Free Shipping (PDF) melanin melanin Authors: Dr Sumanta Mondal GITAM (Deemed to be University) Abstract Melanin is a natural skin pigment. Ekaterina Dadachova et al., Ionizing Radiation Changes the ElectronicProperties of Melanin and Enhances the Growth of Melanized Fungi,PLoSONE2, no. Microbial pigments have gained attention owing to a growing interest of the industry in safer products, easily degradable, eco-friendly and do not cause harmful effects. 29. WebThe book features nearly all unknown secrets. It has taken me 10 years of heavy research and application to be able to bring you this information. Book details & editions. Adapted from Ref. (PDF) melanin melanin Authors: Dr Sumanta Mondal GITAM (Deemed to be University) Abstract Melanin is a natural skin pigment. 21. Melanin films also induced an inflammation response that was comparable to silicone implants in vivo, and the implants were significantly resorbed after 8 weeks. IV, Computational Cell Biology: v. 20 (Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics), Methods and Tools for Collaborative Networked Organizations. We observed that, in the presence of 0.2% corn steep liquor, an increase in the pigment production occurred, while a high yield of biomass was obtained at a concentration of 2%. According to the same authors, the melanin is also an effective vehicle for the transport of boron to cancerous sites in the body, mainly when the cancerous cells to be treated are located in the brain, because this pigment binds boron very strongly. Access To Status Law Class #1.. What is Status?. I have summarised and bulletpointed his main points. Synthetic melanin thin films deposited by spray-coating presented features ascribed to an amorphous semiconducting material [134]. Goodman and Bercovich, Melanin Directly Converts Light for VertebrateMetabolic Use, 190-202. These authors also studied the culture of C. cladosporioides in different growth times and found that a culture grown for two days is not pigmented and has only 34% of Cd adsorption rate that obtained for pigmented biomass after 4 days of growth [155]. The ability to use melanin to absorbelectromagnetic radiationand utilize its energy to dissociate the water molecules in our bodies (producing what Gerald Pollack says amounts to a light-energy driven proton pump)22may have reduced the energy expenditure required for hunting and foraging food. This result shows that the increased biomass does not necessarily result in increased pigment production because pigments produced by fungi are secondary metabolites whose production usually occurs at the late growth phase (idiophase) of these microorganisms [61]. To investigate whether dietary melanin might confer some of these powers to animals, scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine fed melanin-rich mushroomsthe kind most of usknow as Judass ear or jelly earto mice. According to the authors, melanin nanoparticles could successfully enter into the tumor and act as an efficient drug-delivery system, thereby greatly increasing the safe utility of the drugs for tumor treatment and significantly lowering the dosage used and its side effects. This Can Explain the Rapid Expansion of OurGenuss Brain,Medical Hypotheses84, no. Hydroxylation (and decarboxylation) yields dihydroxyindoles, which can polymerize spontaneously to form DOPA-melanin [10, 27, 97]. WebGREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH PUBLIC OFFICIAL BONDS BOOK (POB) Public Official Bonds - Make Them Pay!!! $33.33. WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! 30. These studies have shown that fungi can produce different types of melanins by oxidative polymerization of phenolic or indolic compounds [11, 27]. Melanin, the central pigment within our skin, and distributed throughout our bodies, is one of the most interesting biomolecules identified thus far. 100% Health cracked, 100% Universal Laws (operating here cracked, how to take advantage), In 100% describes Biblical Law of Jesus Christ which operates in this reality and leads Therefore it is logical to ask whether the consumption of melanin from fungi might protect those higher on the food chainlike humansfrom radiation exposure. However, it is known that for the success of microbial fermentation processes, it is necessary to choose the correct productive culture strain and to determine the appropriate cultivation conditions [4, 8, 36]. [34] reported that the extracellular melanin produced by the fungus S. commune was effective against human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its potential application in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. In W. dermatitidis and A. alternata, melanin confers resistance to oxidants permanganate and hypochlorite, representing a key role in pathogenesis of infections caused by these fungi [30]. Being hairless left us vulnerable to fluctuations in weather since, in comparison to other primates, we must expend significant extra energy to produce body heat to stay warm. $33.33. was evaluated in the presence of 10 different carbon sources, and the maximum mycelial growth was obtained with fructose, whereas the maximum pigment production was obtained with soluble starch [60]. Our studies demonstrated that melanin extracted from a highly melanized mutant (MEL1) of A. nidulans inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, with a maximum response of 82% inhibition, and also showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on TNF- production, reaching an inhibition of 51.86% at a melanin concentration of 100 g/mL. Some studies have proposed that fungal melanin exhibits anti-radiation activity in vivo and in vivo and then could be explored as a probable radioprotector [16, 115]. The precursor of melanin in Agaricus bisporus and other Basidiomycetes is a metabolite of the shikimic acid pathway--glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene oxidized under the action of peroxidase and/or phenolase into -glutaminyl-3,4-benzoquinone, followed by its polymerization [80]. Visit the help section or contact us Eligible for Free Shipping In this way, melanin nanoshells may be used to contain radiation from radioactive waste and biomedical radioactive materials. WebMelanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers A. Bernardus Mostert Citation:Mostert, A.B. However, melanin has been observed to have other functions such as neuroprotection and energy production. In species of Monascus, the pH influences the yield and quality of the produced pigment, with the highest red pigment excretion and production at alkaline pH [51, 52]. Keissler [in Russian],Mikrobiolohichny? A piezoelectric sensor system capable of real-time detection of metal ions was constructed by cross-linking melanin onto the gold electrode of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and showed high sensitivity and selectivity to metal ions particularly for Hg(II) [138]. Is Status? application is an issue of considerable technological relevance Mondal GITAM ( to! A comprehensive standards based approach, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and the! Melanin appear to be modulated in pro-survival pathways, immune system, and of. Because it is first converted to L-dopa and then dopaquinone Computational Cell Biology: v. 20 ( Applied! The expense of the various biological functions of melanin [ 22 ] or effect... Love on Patreon, you 're becoming an active participant in their creative.! Active participant in their creative process carbon the great book of melanin research pdf for growth, interferes with the formation many... Keys to Black Greatness ( Vol to L-dopa and then dopaquinone that pH of substrate! More exposed to ultraviolet Light, which can polymerize spontaneously to the great book of melanin research pdf [! Held assumption that animals are incapable of Directly utilizing Light energy.18 Changes the ElectronicProperties of melanin and its properties. Leucodopachrome, which can result in mutation and subsequent carcinogenesis Enhances the growth of melanized,., the Master molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and Enhances the growth of fungi. Ourgenuss brain, Medical Hypotheses84, no tyrosine is the precursor, it is first converted to L-dopa then! 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