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The table below shows the origins of the Medici: This extract shows the branch that gave rise to the celebrated branch of the Medici descending from Giovanni "di Bicci", who founded the Medici fortunes: This is the branch of Cosimo's brother, Lorenzo, called the "Popolano" Branch, which gave rise to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany: The origin of the Medici coat of arms is not recorded. [13][14][15], The Electress became pregnant in 1692; however, she miscarried. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. [54] Anna Maria Luisa was offered a nominal regency by the Prince de Craon, the Grand Duke's envoy, until Francis III could arrive in Florence, but declined. This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 22:13. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Silver Medici Coat of Arms Floral Chain Antique Necklace with Figural Charms at the best online prices at eBay! [56] On 18 February 1743, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Dowager Electress Palatine, died of an "oppression on the breast". In 1512, thanks in part to the efforts of Pieros younger brother Giovanni (a cardinal at the time and the future Pope Leo X), the Medici family was able to return to Florence. After Ferdinands son Cosimo II (who supported the work of the mathematician, philosopher and astronomer Galileo Galilei) died in 1720, Florence and Tuscany suffered under ineffectual Medici rule. Clement also convinced Charles V to name Alessandro as Duke of Florence. Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, Anna Maria Luisa's spouse, successfully requisitioned the dignity Royal Highness for the Grand Duke and his family in 1691, despite the fact that they had no claim to any kingdom. Eldest son of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II, when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy. On 4 April 1718, Great Britain, France and the Dutch Republic (also later, Austria) selected Don Carlos of Spain, the elder child of Elisabeth Farnese and Philip V of Spain, as the Tuscan heir. [30] The Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state's mineral and salt resources, and the fortunes of the Medici were directly tied to the Tuscan economy.[30]. [68], Media related to Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici at Wikimedia Commons, Anna Maria Luisa, Electress of the Palatinate. Leo X's fun-loving pontificate bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts. Shipping speed. Lorenzos great-great-grandson Cosimo (1519-1574) became duke of Florence in 1537, then grand duke of Tuscany in 1569. The family's influence grew with its patronage of wealth, art, and culture. Some examples of these families include the Bardi, Altoviti, Ridolfi, Cavalcanti and the Tornabuoni. The Medici line was then extinct. But the legacy of the Medici family lived on. Palazzo Medici Riccardi presents an exhibition of his profound works that act as a further testimony to the relationships he formed with the most noble Florentine families of the time. He and Anna Maria Luisa were married by proxy on 29 April 1691. The last Medici, Anna Maria de Louisa de Medici, died in 1743. The very last Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de Medici, passed away without a son in 1737. Cosimos elder son Francis succeeded his father, but proved a less effective ruler. WebMedici family, French Mdicis, Italian bourgeois family that ruled Florence and, later, Tuscany during most of the period from 1434 to 1737, except for two brief intervals (from 1494 to 1512 and from 1527 to 1530). But his plan was met with fierce opposition from the European powers. WebAnna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 18 February 1743) was an Italian noblewoman who was the last lineal descendant of the main branch of the House of Medici. Despite her mother's efforts to induce a miscarriage by means of riding,[3] Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the only daughter and second child of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his consort, Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, was born in Florence on 11 August 1667. An exceedingly discontented pairing, this union produced three children, notably Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, and the last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de' Medici. Shipping speed. [32] Cosimo died of consumption (tuberculosis) in 1621. [21] Because Anna Maria Luisa patronised many musicians, the contemporary Palatine court enjoyed regard as an international centre of music. 5.0. Nephew of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, son of Piero the Unfortunate. Johann Wilhelm surprised her at Innsbruck, where they officially married. WebAnother of Cosimos grandsons, Giulio de Medici (14781534) became pope as Clement VII. WebAnna Maria Luisa, the last of the Medici family, died in the Pitti Palace on 18 February 1743, at the age of 76. As rulers over the Renaissances birthplace, the family had been among the greatest supporters of the genius artists and scholars the era produced, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. He died in 1574, succeeded by his eldest surviving son Francesco, whose death without male heirs led to the succession of his younger brother, Ferdinando, in 1587. This bank was the largest in Europe during the 15th century and facilitated the Medicis' rise to political power in Florence, although they officially remained citizens rather than monarchs until the 16th century. The so-called younger branch of the family began with Giovannis younger son Lorenzo de Medici. Cosimo purchased a portion of the island of Elba from the Republic of Genoa and based the Tuscan navy there. 5.0. [6] In 1532, the family acquired the hereditary title Duke of Florence. After the death of Johann Wilhelm, Anna Maria Luisa returned to Florence, where she enjoyed the rank of first lady until the accession of her brother Gian Gastone, who banished her to the Villa La Quiete. Indeed, Lorenzo was an artist in his own right and an author of poetry and song; his support of the arts and letters is seen as a high point in Medici patronage. In 1536, Alessandro de' Medici married Charles V's daughter, Margaret of Austria; however, the following year he was assassinated by a resentful cousin, Lorenzino de' Medici. The very last Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de Medici, passed away without a son in 1737. [57] Lorenzo also served as patron to Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) for seven years. Upon the defeat of the French armies in Italy by the 5.0. [59][60] She occupied herself financing and overseeing the construction of the Cappella dei Principistarted in 1604 by Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscanyto the tune of 1,000 crowns per week, and she donated much of her fortune to charity: 4,000 per annum. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 17:10. WebThe House of Medici (English: / m d t i / MED-i-chee, Italian: [mditi]) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici, during the first half of the 15th century.The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. Overthrown when. [27] Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Tuscany's nominal feudal over-lord, subscribed, but only if he should succeed her. They clearly dominated Florentine representative government without abolishing it altogether. She was buried in the Medici Chapels, in the San Lorenzo church, where she still rests. On her marriage to Elector Johann Wilhelm II, she became Electress of the Palatinate, and, by patronising musicians, she earned for the contemporary Palatine court the reputation of an important music centre. [9] Instead, Cosimo offered her to his first choice, Peter II of Portugal. She made an agreement with the Lorraine familythe new sovereigns of Florenceand forced them to leave intact the heritage of the Medici family, which had to be kept in Florence. Brother of Piero the Unfortunate, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Although Gian Gastone was the last Medici grand duke, the dynasty had long been in decline from its former greatness. Lorenzo's son Piero II took over as the head of Florence after Lorenzo's death. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Silver Medici Coat of Arms Floral Chain Antique Necklace with Figural Charms at the best online prices at eBay! WebGian Gastone de' Medici (born Giovanni Battista Gastone; 24 May 1671 9 July 1737) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany . Giulio de Medici, the illegitimate son of Lorenzo the Magnificents brother Giuliano, abdicated power in 1523 to become Pope Clement VII, and the short and brutal rule of Alessandro (reputed to be Giulios own illegitimate son) ended with his assassination in 1537. [57] In collaboration with the Holy Roman Emperor and Francis of Lorraine, she willed all the personal property of the Medici's to the Tuscan state, provided that nothing was ever removed from Florence. In 1713 Cosimo III altered the Tuscan laws of succession to allow the accession of his daughter, and spent his final years canvassing the European powers to agree to recognise this statute. At this point, the descendants of Cosimo the Elders brother (known as Lorenzo the Elder) came forward to launch a new Medici dynasty. Following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, a document which had hitherto given rights to Calvinists, in 1685, 2,000 French Huguenots emigrated to the Electoral Palatinate. [4], In spite of their mutual dislike, the Electress and Violante Beatrice attempted to improve Gian Gastone's poor public image together. In her will, Anna Maria bequeathed all of the Medici treasures the familys entire artistic patrimony to the people Florence. [43], On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Cosimo III distributed a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany shall stay independent; Anna Maria Luisa shall succeed uninhibited after Gian Gastone; the Grand Duke reserves the right to choose his successor. [40] At the time of his death, the population of the grand duchy was 730,594; the streets were lined with grass and the buildings on the verge of collapse in Pisa.[41]. Cousin of Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours. [10] In fact, contemporaries thought her traits to be a combination of those of her father and paternal grandmother, Vittoria della Rovere. ft. home is a 5 bed, 4.0 bath property. [19], Piero de' Medici (14161469), Cosimo's son, was only in power for five years (14641469). Upon the defeat of the French armies in Italy by the WebThe Age of the Medici, originally released in Italy as L'et di Cosimo de Medici (The Age of Cosimo de Medici), is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence, directed by Roberto Rossellini.The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release, which it failed to achieve, and was later dubbed [32] To complicate things further, Elisabeth Farnese, heiress of the Duchy of Parma, the second wife of Philip V of Spain, as a great-granddaughter of Margherita de' Medici, exercised a claim to Tuscany. It ensured that all the Medicean art and treasures collected over nearly three centuries of political ascendancy remained in Florence. Cousin of Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, illegitimate son of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII. By agreement of the European powers (Austria, France, England and the Netherlands), control over Tuscany passed to Francis of Lorraine, whose marriage to Hapsburg heiress (and mother of Marie Antoinette) Maria Theresa of Austria would begin the long European reign of the Hapsburg-Lorraine family. - Medici in prima linea: George Clooney e Anthony Edwards in una scena. Portrait as Electress Palatine, painted by Jan Frans von Douven Anna Maria Luisa de Medici in Florence today WebAnother of Cosimos grandsons, Giulio de Medici (14781534) became pope as Clement VII. In 1433, the Albizzi managed to have Cosimo exiled. The last Medici ruler died without a male heir in 1737, ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries. Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, Genealogical tables of the House of Medici, Medici family tree Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany), Philip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg, "Cosimo de Medici e l'amore per le tartarughe con la vela", "Medici Family Encyclopdia Britannica", "Music and the Medici The Medici Archive Project", "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 14001434", "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici Electress Palatine", "Florence Journal; Where the Bodies Are Buried, Modern-Day Medici Feud, Alan Feuer, New York Times, May 4, 2004", "The Medici balls: Origins of the family's coat of arms", Rebuilding The Renaissance, Episode 93 Florence: The Medici Dynasty, Prince Ottaviano de' Medici: Solving a 417-year-old murder mystery (May 4, 2004), Medici Family Tree, featuring portraits and bios of key members of the Medici Dynasty, 14001737, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Medici&oldid=1147429794, By Medico, Castellan of Potrone, considered the first ancestor of the house, Eldest son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Due to his illness, he mostly stayed at home bedridden, and therefore did little to further the Medici control of Florence while in power. [5] On one documented occasion, she branded him "a poor groom" in the presence of the Papal nuncio. This has been suggested as a reason for the rise of the Medici family.[16]. In addition to commissions for art and architecture, the Medici were prolific collectors and today their acquisitions form the core of the Uffizi museum in Florence. [26] To augment the Tuscan silk industry, he oversaw the planting of mulberry trees along the major roads (silk worms feed on mulberry leaves). From Leo's election as pope in 1513 to his death in 1521, Florence was overseen, in turn, by Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Giulio de' Medici, the latter of whom became Pope Clement VII. In comparison to the 17th century, the population of Florence declined by 50%, and the population of the grand duchy as a whole declined by an estimated 40%. - Medici in prima linea: George Clooney e Anthony Edwards in una scena. [44] Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the Republic of Siena was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old Republic of Florence was thought to be under imperial suzerainty. [17] Involvement in another plot in 1400 caused all branches of the family to be banned from Florentine politics for twenty years, with the exception of two. [66] Sixteen years after her death, the Uffizi Gallery, built by Cosimo the Great, the founder of the Grand Duchy, was made open to public viewing. [56] (see Medici family tree). E.R. Upon hearing of Anna Maria Luisa's intention to return, Violante Beatrice prepared to depart for Munich, her brother's capital, but Gian Gastone wished her to stay, so she did. Under Savonarola's fanatical leadership many great works were "voluntarily" destroyed in the Bonfire of the Vanities (February 7, 1497). [36] In 1657, Leopoldo de' Medici, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. [11] The dynasty began with the founding of the Medici Bank in Florence in 1397. In his remarkable account of the last Medici, famous aesthete and historian Harold Acton (1904-1994) takes up the causes which led to the disappearance of a house which has left indelible traces on the art, literature and commerce of the world; and his book was one of the first attempts to deal with this despotic dynasty in a scholarly and [11] Finally, it was Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor who suggested Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine. The Galileo Project. Before the Medici, the Turks were the only exporters of alum, so Europe was forced to buy from them until the discovery in Tolfa. [15] Johann Wilhelm, under criticism for his treatment of the Palatine Protestants from the Elector of Brandenburg introduced a Religionsdeklaration in 1705, which sanctioned religious freedom. Free shipping for many products! In 1530, after allying himself with Charles V, Pope Clement VII succeeded in securing the engagement of Charles V's daughter Margeret of Austria to his illegitimate nephew (reputedly his son) Alessandro de' Medici. Francis younger brother Ferdinand, who became grand duke in 1587, restored Tuscany to stability and prosperity. MLS # 23005662 The 4,434 sq. Only Great Britain and the Dutch Republic gave any credence to it, and the plan ultimately died with Cosimo III in 1723.[45]. The Medici Family. He despised the Electress for engineering his unhappy marriage with Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, while she detested his liberal policies: he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes and revelled in upsetting her. The Palatinate Anna Maria Luisa arrived in was ravaged by the ongoing Nine Years' War, in which Louis XIV assaulted the Palatinate on behalf of his brother, Philippe of France, Duke of Orlans, occupying the city of Philippsburg in the process. Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or) was granted by Louis XI in 1465. Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the papacy and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. Communication. The Medici briefly became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. WebAnna Maria Luisa, the last of the Medici family, died in the Pitti Palace on 18 February 1743, at the age of 76. Alum is essential as a mordant in the dyeing of certain cloths and was used extensively in Florence, where the main industry was textile manufacturing. [10] The origin of the name is uncertain. Gian Gastone despised the electress for engineering his catastrophic marriage to Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg; while she abhorred her brother's liberal policies, he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes. [50] Upon her brother's death, she received all the House of Medici's allodial possessions. [26], Cosimo III wished to alter the male-only Tuscan line of succession so as to allow the accession of his daughter, Anna Maria Luisa, in the event of a male-line succession failure. Pius II granted the Medici family a monopoly on the mining there, making them the primary producers of alum in Europe.[24]. But the legacy of the Medici family lived on. Did you know? The bed, often smelling of faeces, was occasionally cleaned by Violante. Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous Galileo Galilei, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children and was an important figurehead for his patron's quest for power. Rice University.Medici Family: Origins and History. However, in 1735, as part of a territorial arrangement, the European powers appointed Francis Stephen of Lorraine as heir, and he duly ascended the Tuscan throne in her stead. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. The last Medici, savior of Florences art, exhumed. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, aided Masaccio and commissioned Filippo Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence in 1419. Luca Giordano (1634-1705) was one of the most prolific Italian painters of the Baroque era. In her will, Anna Maria bequeathed all of the Medici treasures the familys entire artistic patrimony to the people Florence. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 13601429), son of Averardo de' Medici (13201363), increased the wealth of the family through his creation of the Medici Bank, and became one of the richest men in the city of Florence. Accurate description. WebAnna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 18 February 1743) was an Italian noblewoman who was the last lineal descendant of the main branch of the House of Medici. His conduct at the banquets was less than regal; he often vomited repeatedly into his napkin, belched, and regaled those present with socially inappropriate jokes. Clement VII's tumultuous pontificate was dominated by a rapid succession of political crisesmany long in the makingthat resulted in the sack of Rome by the armies of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1527 and rise of the Salviati, Altoviti and Strozzi as the leading bankers of the Roman Curie. He commanded the draining of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in southern Tuscany and cultivated trade in Livorno. The Medici line was then extinct. [46] On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Grand Duke Cosimo disseminated a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany stay independent: Anna Maria Luisa would succeed uninhibited to Tuscany after Gian Gastone, and the grand duke reserved the right to choose his successor. The line of the Princes of Ottajano, an extant branch of the House of Medici who were eligible to inherit the grand duchy of Tuscany when the last male of the senior branch died in 1737, could have carried on as Medici sovereigns but for the intervention of Europe's major powers, which allocated the sovereignty of Florence elsewhere. He was the second son of Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans.

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